Sam Mintz and Claire Law
Brookline firefighters this week took to the sidewalk outside Town Hall to protest a decision by the town to reduce minimum staffing levels.
Town leaders say the change is necessary to ease strains on the town budget caused by ballooning firefighter overtime. The firefighters union says it would increase their workload and make their jobs less safe.
The latest disagreement marks an escalation of a dispute between the town and its firefighters that has been simmering for months over issues of overtime and staffing at the department.
The firefighters’ latest union contract expired last June, and negotiations over a new contract, unsuccessful so far, are entering mediation with the state’s Joint Labor-Management Committee.
What’s new?
The escalation of the dispute began when the town’s Select Board voted to reduce the minimum number of firefighters required to be on duty on any given day from 29 to 23.
Citing “management rights” to set staffing levels following the expiration of the contract, the town is moving to institute the new “flexible staffing” plan starting on July 1.
The town says the change is necessary to ease strain on the under-pressure municipal budget by saving at least $1.5 million a year in fire department overtime costs, which have ballooned in recent years.
Currently, the department schedules 36 firefighters to cover each 24-hour shift. If more than seven are absent or request leave, the department must cover those positions with other firefighters earning overtime, according to the expired contract.
Under the new plan, which the town calls “flexible staffing,” the fire chief would have the discretion to accommodate up to 13 absences – effectively lowering the minimum number of firefighters required to be on duty.
In practice, it would also lower the minimum number of firefighters needed to staff a truck from four to three, which has been a hotly-debated point in the protracted contract negotiations.
“This strategic adjustment is based on longstanding staffing models that have been used in virtually every other Metro Boston community,” Town Administrator Charles Carey wrote in a detailed statement published by the town. “It also addresses the significant challenges the Town has faced in managing escalating overtime costs, which have placed an unsustainable burden on municipal resources.”
A graphic produced by the town laying out the planned changes to firefighter staffing. Photo courtesy town of Brookline
The change, Carey said, will also help avoid layoffs and lay the groundwork for a future expansion in South Brookline, which has been a community priority.
While the town says that the department can maintain its safety standards under the change, the union, which has argued that the department needs increased staffing, is crying foul.
“Brookline Firefighters have consistently prioritized public safety and have remained open to good-faith discussions,” the Brookline Fire Fighters Local 950 IAFF union said in a statement. “This unprecedented reduction would increase firefighter workload and jeopardize firefighter safety, hampering firefighter effectiveness and endangering lives.”
“This change will make our job unsafe,” said Justin Robinson, a lieutenant in the department and president of the union. “When you put more work on somebody, regardless of what the job is, you end up not doing things right. And in our job, seconds and minutes matter.”
The union also sees the change as illegal, violating the terms of their expired contract, which remained in force until the town’s recent decision.
The two sides have launched competing PR campaigns. The town published a lengthy website with graphics making its side of the argument. The union rallied its members outside Town Meeting this week and handed out lawn signs to supporters in the community.
Carey said in an interview that he believes the two sides have maintained a “good faith working relationship” despite “a tough issue where we really stridently disagree on a lot about it.”
Firefighter overtime a pain point for town
In the big picture, town officials say overtime use in the department puts pressure on an already strained municipal budget.
For the past three years, the town has paid more than double the amount it budgeted for overtime pay for the Fire Department, according to a memo presented by Assistant Town Administrator for Finance Charles Young at a March 11 Advisory Committee meeting.
This fiscal year, the town increased its Fire Department overtime budget by $300,000, but is still projecting to be over budget by nearly $1 million.
Between receiving less federal funding, dealing with a strained school budget, and rising costs in general due to tariffs, Carey said, next year doesn’t look promising either.
“It’s not sustainable,” Carey said. “The town cannot keep paying that much money in overtime.”
The town declined to comment on the reason behind the increase in overtime pay. However, one reason suggested in the memo is a high rate of firefighters taking leave on weekends.
“Overtime costs accrue quickly when several firefighters call in sick over the weekend,” it says.
Robinson said the union believes leave has stayed largely consistent throughout the years, and that the increased overtime pay can be attributed to other factors.
One, he said, was a 2023 decision that allows for 12 weeks of bonding time for both parents when a child is born. When firefighters are off for leave, others are required to fill in and may need overtime pay.
“We are a young department,” Robinson said. “You have a lot of firefighters starting families.”
Three or four person crews?
Staffing and minimum crew sizes have also been a subject of dispute since well before the latest move by the town.
Young’s March memo stated that the most effective way to deal with the overtime deficit would be to change minimum staffing from four firefighters per “apparatus” to three.
The union has strongly challenged that idea, and in a report recently published by its parent organization, the International Association of Firefighters, argued that staffing levels should increase given Brookline’s density.
Currently, the Fire Department staffs a minimum of four firefighters for each of its five engines and two ladder trucks, with a deputy chief in charge – a minimum of 29 firefighters at any given time.
Fire Chief John Sullivan said in an email he thinks the department’s staffing is adequate, but declined to comment further.
Robinson said that with the number of “runs” per year creeping up to 10,000, current staffing will soon be insufficient.
Call volume, he said, has increased by 37% over the past decade and 15% in the four years between 2019 and 2023.
“If you imagine water being poured into a cup, we’re at the top of the cup right now and starting to slowly spill over,” he said.
The union’s report recommends that in the long term, the department should increase staffing to five firefighters per engine in some parts of town and six in the densest areas, to be in line with standards put forward by the National Fire Protection Association recommendations.
“At the end of the day, firefighting is low tech. The work is still overwhelming numbers, and a lot of water,” Robinson said.
According to Young’s memo, changing the minimums “would not necessarily result in all apparatus running at fewer than four, and instead the Chief would have the discretion to determine which apparatus could run with fewer than four and maintain current levels of fire safety.”
A number of nearby communities, according to the memo, operate with a minimum of three firefighters per engine or ladder truck. Carey pointed to Newton and Cambridge as examples of other municipalities that do so. Boston, on the other hand, maintains four-person minimum crews.
In his statement, the town administrator said that the new flexible staffing model, which in practice allows for three-person crews, is necessary to prevent layoffs.
“The only budgetarily sustainable alternative to flexible staffing would be to close a fire company,” he wrote.
If the minimum crew sizes were to decrease permanently, Robinson said, it would change the way the firefighters do their job and increase the time it takes to put out fires.
“If you take one person off the piece, the job doesn’t go away,” Robinson said. “It doesn’t mean you can’t stretch a hose line, but it’s harder to do and takes longer.”
The union’s report describes a “two-in, two-out” policy set by OSHA, the federal work safety agency, that requires four firefighters to be present before going inside a burning structure.
A reduction to three-person crew sizes, the union contends, would mean firefighters would have to wait for another truck to arrive before entering a burning building.
“Every tragedy starts with bad decision making, and some of that bad decision making can go back decades,” Robinson said.
A fire burned on Craig Place in April. Photo courtesy of the Brookline Fire Union.
What’s next?
Robinson said throughout his 27-year career, there have been many periods where firefighters were working under an expired contract. For him, it meant having to keep up with increased living expenses, but not seeing increases in his salary.
The union, he said, is continuing to try to raise awareness about staffing issues and is considering its legal options around the latest dispute.
Town officials say they are expecting litigation from the union, and that case law supports their rights to set the minimum staffing outside of a new contract.
It would be the second major lawsuit over the fire department’s overtime in Brookline in recent years after a previous dispute was settled in late 2024.




